What is 200% penalty on non-disclosure of income? Lets understand!

We are hearing a lot about 200% penalty on undisclosed income, particularly after the announcement by Hon’ble Prime Minister for discontinuation of currency notes of Rs. 500/- and Rs. 1000/-. It has triggered various kinds of misunderstanding and rumours about the rate and incidence of penalty on (i) undisclosed income or (ii) furnishing inaccurate particulars of income, as prescribed under income tax laws.